Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C). Grease a 9-inch springform pan with butter or baking spray and set it aside.
In a large mixing bowl or the bowl of a stand mixer, beat the 3/4 cup softened unsalted butter and 1 1/3 cups granulated sugar together until creamy and combined. Scrape the sides and bottom of the bowl with a rubber spatula.
Add the 15 oz whole milk ricotta cheese and beat on medium speed until the mixture is light and fluffy, about 4 to 5 minutes. Scrape the bowl as needed.
Add the 3 large room-temperature eggs one at a time, mixing briefly after each egg until just incorporated.
Add 1 teaspoon vanilla, the zest of 1 large lemon, and the lemon juice from that lemon; mix until combined.
In a separate bowl, whisk together 1 teaspoon baking soda, 1/4 teaspoon salt, and 1 1/2 cups all-purpose flour.
Add the dry mixture to the wet ingredients and stir or mix on low speed until just combined. Scrape the sides and bottom of the bowl and avoid overmixing.
Pour the batter into the prepared springform pan and smooth the top with a spatula.
Bake for 45–55 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean or with just a few crumbs (not wet batter).
Let the cake cool in the pan on a wire rack for 10–15 minutes. Carefully remove the springform ring, then continue cooling the cake completely on the wire rack.
Dust the top of the cooled cake with powdered sugar before serving.