In a large pot or Dutch oven, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Once hot, add the finely diced red onion and sauté until softened and translucent, about 3-4 minutes.
Add the lean ground beef to the pot, breaking it apart with your wooden spoon. Cook until browned and no longer pink, about 5-7 minutes. Drain excess fat if necessary.
Stir in the chile powder, ground Ancho chile, ground cumin, and ground Chipotle chile pepper (if using). Cook for an additional minute.
Pour in the beef stock and stir in the tomato paste, ensuring everything is well combined. Bring the mixture to a simmer.
Add the black beans and diced tomatoes (with their juices) to the pot. Stir to combine and allow the chili to continue simmering for about 15-20 minutes.
Just before serving, stir in the fresh-squeezed lime juice.
Taste and adjust the spices as needed.