Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add the fettuccine pasta and cook according to package instructions until al dente. During the last 2 minutes of cooking, toss in the broccoli florets to blanch them lightly. Drain both pasta and broccoli thoroughly and set aside.
Preheat your oven to 375°F (190°C). In a small bowl, combine the breadcrumbs with olive oil, tossing to coat evenly.
In a large mixing bowl, combine the cooked fettuccine, shredded chicken, broccoli, Alfredo sauce, garlic powder, onion powder, salt, and pepper. Stir gently until everything is well coated and evenly distributed. Then fold in the mozzarella and Parmesan cheese, reserving a small amount of mozzarella for topping.
Transfer the mixture into your prepared baking dish, spreading it out evenly. Sprinkle the reserved mozzarella cheese on top, then layer the olive oil-coated breadcrumbs evenly over the cheese.
Place the baking dish in the preheated oven and bake for 20-25 minutes, or until the casserole is bubbling around the edges and the breadcrumb topping is golden brown. For an extra crispy finish, you can broil for an additional 1-2 minutes—just watch carefully to prevent burning.
Remove the dish from the oven and allow it to cool for 5 minutes before serving. This resting time helps the casserole set slightly, making it easier to portion out. Then, scoop generous servings onto plates and enjoy the creamy, cheesy goodness!