Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add the penne pasta and cook according to package instructions until al dente, usually about 10-12 minutes. Drain and set aside.
Heat the olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add the shredded chicken, black beans, diced tomatoes with green chilies, and enchilada sauce. Stir in garlic powder, onion powder, cumin, chili powder, salt, and pepper. Let the mixture simmer for 5-7 minutes, allowing the flavors to meld and the sauce to thicken slightly.
Add the cooked penne pasta to the skillet and gently stir to combine, ensuring every piece is coated with the flavorful sauce.
Preheat your oven to 375°F (190°C). Transfer the pasta mixture to a greased 9x13-inch baking dish. Sprinkle the shredded cheddar and Monterey Jack cheeses evenly over the top.
Bake uncovered for 20-25 minutes, or until the cheese is melted, bubbly, and slightly golden around the edges.
Remove from the oven and sprinkle with chopped fresh cilantro. Let it cool for a few minutes before serving to allow the bake to set.