Combine the 1 ½ cups granulated sugar and ½ cup water in a small saucepan. Heat over medium-low until the mixture comes to a boil, then continue cooking until the syrup reaches 240°F (soft‑ball stage) on a candy thermometer.
While the syrup heats, place the 8 large egg yolks in the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with the whisk attachment. Whip on medium-high until the yolks are thick, pale, and slightly foamy.
When the syrup reaches 240°F, remove the pan from the heat. With the mixer running on low, slowly and carefully drizzle the hot sugar syrup into the whipping yolks in a thin, steady stream, avoiding the whisk head.
After all the syrup has been added, increase the mixer speed to medium and whip until the mixer bowl feels cool to the touch and the mixture is noticeably thicker.
Reduce the mixer speed to low or medium-low. Add the 1 ½ cups room-temperature unsalted butter 1 tablespoon at a time, waiting for each tablespoon to be fully absorbed before adding the next. Scrape the bowl as needed to incorporate any butter on the sides.
Add the 2 teaspoons vanilla extract (or vanilla bean paste) and 1 pinch salt.
Whip on medium until the buttercream is smooth, glossy, and completely combined.