Preheat the oven to 350°F and position a rack in the center. Line a 9" x 5" loaf pan with parchment paper (or spray it with cooking spray).
Make the flax "eggs": in a small bowl stir together 2 Tbsp ground flax seed and 6 Tbsp water. Let sit about 15 minutes, stirring occasionally, until thickened to the consistency of beaten eggs.
Melt the coconut oil: measure 1/2 cup + 1 Tbsp coconut oil and melt in a small saucepan over low heat or in short bursts in the microwave. Let it cool slightly so it is liquid but not very hot.
Combine the wet ingredients: transfer the flax mixture to a stand mixer or a medium mixing bowl. Add 1/2 cup creamy unsweetened almond butter and the melted coconut oil. Beat or whisk until the mixture is smooth and creamy.
Add the remaining ingredients: to the wet mixture add 2/3 cup raw cacao powder, 1/2 cup finely ground almond flour, 2/3 cup coconut sugar, 2 tsp peppermint extract, 1/2 tsp sea salt, and 3/4 cup vegan chocolate chips. Stir or beat until everything is well combined—the batter will be thick and slightly crumbly.
Transfer the batter to the prepared loaf pan and smooth the top evenly with a spatula.
If using, sprinkle 2 candy canes (chopped) over the top and gently press them into the batter to adhere.
Bake on the center rack at 350°F for 25–35 minutes. For fudgier brownies bake about 25 minutes; for cakier brownies bake 30–35 minutes. The brownies are done when the edges are set and a toothpick inserted near the center comes out with a few moist crumbs (not wet batter).
Remove the pan from the oven and let the brownies cool in the pan on a wire rack for 30 minutes. Use the parchment to lift the brownie block from the pan, transfer to a cutting board, slice into squares, and serve.