In your large skillet, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Once the oil is shimmering, add the minced onion and jalapeño. Sauté until the onion is translucent, about 5 minutes. Add the minced garlic and cook for another minute, stirring frequently to prevent burning.
Stir in the diced tomatoes (fresh or canned), prepared vegetarian refried beans, tomato paste, chili powder, cayenne pepper, and salt. Mix well and let the mixture simmer for about 10 minutes. This will allow the flavors to meld beautifully.
Using the back of a spoon, create six small wells in the tomato mixture. Gently crack an egg into each well, being careful not to break the yolks. Season the eggs lightly with salt.
Cover the skillet with a lid and let the eggs cook for about 5-7 minutes, or until the whites are set but the yolks remain runny. If you prefer your yolks firm, cook them for an additional few minutes.
Once the eggs are cooked to your liking, sprinkle the shredded Mexican cheese blend or cotija cheese over the top. Cover again for a minute to let the cheese melt beautifully.
Remove the skillet from the heat. Garnish with freshly chopped cilantro and sliced avocado if desired. Serve hot with warm tortillas or tortilla chips, and add a dollop of sour cream on the side.