Preheat your oven to 425°F (220°C). This high temperature will help the cauliflower roast to perfection, achieving that desirable crispy texture.
Wash and dry the cauliflower thoroughly. Remove the leaves and stem, then cut the cauliflower into bite-sized florets. Aim for uniform sizes to ensure even cooking.
In a large mixing bowl, combine the cauliflower florets, extra virgin olive oil, sliced garlic, freshly squeezed lemon juice, kosher salt, and freshly ground black pepper. Use your hands or a spatula to toss everything together until the florets are well coated.
Transfer the seasoned cauliflower to a baking sheet, spreading it out in a single layer. This allows the florets to roast evenly and develop that beautiful golden color.
Place the baking sheet in the preheated oven and roast for about 25-30 minutes, or until the cauliflower is tender and golden brown. Be sure to flip the florets halfway through to ensure even cooking.
Once the cauliflower is roasted, remove it from the oven and sprinkle the freshly grated Parmesan cheese over the top. Return it to the oven for an additional 2-3 minutes, just until the cheese is melted. Remove from the oven, garnish with chopped chives, and serve with lemon wedges on the side.