Preheat the oven to 325°F. Line baking sheets with parchment paper.
Melt 8 ounces bittersweet chocolate and 4 tablespoons unsalted butter together in a double boiler or in the microwave (heat in short bursts, stirring between each) until smooth. Let the chocolate mixture cool slightly so it is warm but not hot.
In an electric mixer, beat 1 cup granulated sugar and 3 large eggs until combined and slightly thickened. Add 1 teaspoon instant coffee and 1 teaspoon vanilla and beat just to combine. Scrape down the bowl.
With the mixer on low, slowly add the warm melted chocolate mixture to the egg mixture, mixing until evenly incorporated. Scrape the bowl.
In a separate bowl, whisk together 1 cup all-purpose flour, 3 tablespoons cocoa powder, 1/2 teaspoon baking powder, and 1/2 teaspoon salt. Gradually add the dry ingredients to the chocolate-egg mixture and mix until just combined.
Stir in 8 ounces toffee bits, reserving 1/4 cup of the toffee bits for topping.
Using a tablespoon measure, form the dough into 1-tablespoon balls and place them on the prepared baking sheets about 2 inches apart. If the dough is very soft, lightly flour your hands to shape the balls.
Bake for 11–12 minutes. Immediately after removing the cookies from the oven, sprinkle the reserved 1/4 cup toffee bits on top of each cookie. Allow cookies to cool on the baking sheets.